dcboys,如何评价dota2解说DC

dcboys，如何评价dota2解说DC？

网上那些客套的点评就不重复了，作为业内人员，大概讲讲我眼中的DC和单车吧，毕竟私下也有过接触。可能不是完全客观，但尽量做到有理有据。

经常关注DC直播间的话，会发现DC是一个很有文化的解说，包括历史等领域都能侃侃而谈，姑且把“DC”当做一个文化人，这样再看他的解说，措辞就不会那么单薄，相比于一些复读机解说，就好很多。有人说DC的DOTA2水准低，但是在和车长老的打赌中，DC冲到了4000分，虽然和退役选手，很多主播没法比，但是也超过国服绝大部分玩家了，再加上DC的执教生涯，职业选手生涯，在对比赛形式的分析上，不会有什么问题。所以，综合来讲，DC是一个合格的，又有一定语言水平的解说，语气上DC也把握的非常好，既不会故作姿态，也不会过分谦虚，所以，我认为DC是一个优秀的DOTA2解说。

单车是一个毁誉参半的解说吧，因为他的有些言论，导致喜欢他的非常喜欢，讨厌他的非常讨厌。说他耿直，但是有时候感觉他明显情商不够，说他情商不够，但明显很多人喜欢他这种性格。说图拉夫作弊，说韩国CSGO，这两件事情上都是他错了，但是对中国DOTA2的关心应该是发自真心的。说实话，有时候感觉单车的言论有炒作的嫌疑，而且经常摆出众人皆醉我独醒的态度，让人觉得不太舒服。

这两位我更喜欢DC老师多一点，但是单车也有单车可爱的地方，仁者见仁智者见智吧。

流的汗水对减肥有效吗？

高温对减脂存在很多不利，出汗只是体温调节行为，主要是失去水分，跟减脂没啥直接关系。

一、高温阻碍脂肪氧化『脂肪燃烧』用正规一点的话来说叫做『脂肪氧化』，大家再看到这几个字的时候不要觉得疑惑和陌生，氧化和燃烧的含义比较类似。

提升脂肪氧化水平的因素很多，比如运动。运动强度是影响脂肪氧化的主要因素之一[1]：中等强度（最大摄氧量的40%至60%）时通常会获得最大脂肪氧化速率[2]。其他因素，如运动持续时间、运动前进食[3]、咖啡因[4]和其他一些物质[5]的使用，甚至性别[6]，也都能一定程度改变运动期间的脂肪氧化。

还有个影响脂肪氧化的重要因素很少被人关注，那就是温度——较高的环境温度下进行有氧和耐力运动，会削弱预期的减脂效果。

第一个典型研究是Febbraio等人1994年的[7]。Febbraio等人对具有耐力训练经验的男性研究发现，进行70%最大摄氧量的40分钟自行车运动，在高温下进行，相对低温下进行来说，脂肪氧化减少25%，糖类氧化增加31%；对于减脂来说，这就比较糟糕了。

在该研究中，他们用的是一种叫呼吸交换率（RER）的技术进行测量：RER=VCO2/VO2，也就是呼出的二氧化碳和消耗氧气的之比。

因为动物同时氧化脂肪和碳水来供能[8][9][10]，并且根据体内氧化脂肪和碳水的比例不同，所吸入的氧气和呼出的二氧化碳的比例也不同[11][12][13]。如果只氧化脂肪供能，二氧化碳与氧气消耗之比为0.7；如果只氧化碳水供能，二氧化碳与氧气消耗之比为1。

因此，呼吸交换率低，氧化脂肪供能多，氧气的消耗也相对多。从文献原文的截图可见，20°C运动的呼吸交换率平均值是0.88，40°C运动的呼吸交换率则是0.91，升高的呼吸交换率意味着在高温下运动，人体碳水供能增加，脂肪氧化减少[7]。

注意0.91后面的星号（*）表示有显著差异

第二个典型研究是Gagnon等人2013年的[13]。Gagnon等人招募了10个健康、经常活动的受试者，让他们穿着单薄的衣服，分别在0或者22°C下，进行50%或者70%最大摄氧量的有氧活动。结果并不出人意外，受试者们的呼吸交换率，在低温下更低——也就是说，低温下做有氧，脂肪氧化占比更大，对糖类的利用相对少些。

RQ

从实际消耗的脂肪和碳水来看，脂肪消耗绝对值最大的是低温跑步（因为低温增加了脂肪氧化，且跑步消耗的总能量高于步行）；脂肪消耗的相对比例最大的是低温步行（因为跑步的强度高于步行，更高强度活动对脂肪供能的占比更低）。

四种不同运动方式的能量底物消耗比例

但不管怎么说，低温的脂肪氧化都更多，这比较明确的向我们强调了减脂运动的思路：低温活动（当然，注意不要感冒了），或者至少是在凉爽的温度下进行；高温环境减脂事倍功半。

第三个典型研究是Carlos等人2020年的[14]。Carlos等人研究了12名健康年轻人，让他们分别在两种温度（18.3ºC或36.3ºC）执行多种不同强度的有氧运动（30%—70%最大心率）。

根据原文截图，在18.3ºC下，5种强度的有氧运动呼吸交换率平均值从0.78到0.96；在36.3ºC下，5种强度的有氧运动呼吸交换率平均值从0.81到0.99，这说明温度越高，呼吸交换律越高，脂肪氧化占比越少。

呼吸交换率

注意，炎热环境下运动，身体消耗的总能量也更少，不利于减脂。Carlos等人2021年招募了12名年轻健康的受试者在18.3或者36.3°C下进行坡道自行车测试[15]，结果发现相对于凉爽环境，炎热环境导致总热量消耗下降。

（1）在50%最大心率的运动中，18.3ºC的凉爽温度下运动时每分钟平均消耗10.47大卡，36.3ºC的炎热温度下运动运动时每分钟平均消耗10.42大卡；（2）在70%最大心率的运动中，18.3ºC的凉爽温度下运动时每分钟平均消耗15.15大卡，36.3ºC的炎热温度下运动运动时每分钟平均消耗14.79大卡。

此外，这种规律在动物中也存在。当环境温度从35ºC提高到40ºC，大鼠的肌肉中脂肪酸氧化减少、更偏向使用碳水化合物[16]；水温会显著的影响鱼类的长链脂肪酸代谢[17][18][19]和身体脂肪沉淀[20][21][22][23][24]。

总之，减脂应该在凉爽的条件下进行，这不仅仅关系到中暑，也关系到脂肪氧化[25]，关系到人体能量代谢的改变。

二、温度对脂解激素有重要影响脂解激素，顾名思义，就是让脂肪分解的激素。

人体内的脂肪主要是甘油三酯[26][27]，但它比较大，是一个甘油骨架和三个脂肪酸链组成的[28][29]，没法直接运出脂肪细胞，所以人体需要一些激素，激活细胞内的酶[30][31][32]，把脂肪酸从甘油骨架上切割下来[33][34][35]，再在各类运载蛋白[36][37]的帮助下从血液[38]输送到各器官细胞内的线粒体中氧化[39][40]。

这些激活脂肪分解的激素，就是『脂解激素』[41][42]，比如肾上腺素[43]和它的衍生物去甲肾上腺素[44]。

左-肾上腺髓；右-去甲肾上腺素

脂解激素被分泌后，从血液到达脂肪细胞，与脂肪细胞表面的受体结合[45][46][47][48]，引发一系列反应[49][50][51][52]，让脂肪细胞中的脂肪酸被释放出来[53][54]，供肌肉和其他器官使用，这个过程就叫脂解。

脂肪的动员

温度能影响『脂解激素』：去甲肾上腺素的合成和释放，从而影响脂肪分解和氧化[55]；『脂解激素』在相对低的温度下容易被激发释放。

1973年，Galbo等人发现，人类在21℃水中游泳1小时，肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的水平比27℃的水中游泳时更高[56]；2002年，Steven等人通过向健康男性静脉内大量注射4℃冷盐水的方式，使他们的核心温度下降0.7℃，结果他们的血浆去甲肾上腺素增加增加220%；如果进一步注射，受试者们的核心温度进一步降低达到1℃，则受试者血浆去甲肾上腺素浓度增加230%，血浆肾上腺素浓度增加68%[57]。1997年，Frank等人进行了类似的实验，通过向人类静脉注射大量4℃冷盐水的方式降低人类的核心温度，发现当核心温度降低0.7℃时，受试者们的平均血浆去甲肾上腺素浓度增加400%，全身耗氧量增加30%；当核心温度降低1.3摄氏度时，平均去甲肾上腺素浓度增加700%，全身耗氧量增加112%[58]。这些数据都说明，较低的温度可以有利于脂解激素的释放，从而促进脂解和脂肪氧化[59]。

注意，Frank等人的研究中[58]，受试者们的核心温度下降，脂解激素增加，伴随一个重要现象：『耗氧量增加』。原因是呼吸交换率计算时，氧气是分母，二氧化碳是分子，耗氧量增加意味着更低的呼吸交换率，更多的脂肪氧化和更少的糖酵解。

三、高温减少脂肪组织的血流量，从而抑制脂肪分解对于减脂来说，血流量是个极为重要的因素。有大量证据表明，不管是运动、节食，还是运动结合节食，结果都是内脏脂肪优先分解，内脏脂肪的分解明显多于皮下脂肪[60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85]。这是因为内脏脂肪的代谢流动性高于皮下脂肪，内脏脂肪对脂解激素更敏感[86][87][88][89]。

并且就算这个『局部性』指的不是『内脏脂肪和皮下脂肪的分别』，而是『练哪瘦哪』，也有一些证据支持它成立[90][91][92][93][94][95][96]。

注意，『局部减脂』就是建立在血流量基础上的。因为脂肪细胞并不仅仅是能量的容器，它们也是进行积极代谢的细胞，它们非常活跃，富含神经和结缔组织，而且几乎每个脂肪细胞都配有毛细血管[97][98][99]，脂肪的运输和代谢受血液流动影响[100][101]；

运动能减肥，在一定程度上也是因为运动促进全身血管生长的血管生成[102]，从而改善脂肪组织的血流量；耐力和有氧运动可以诱导人类[103]和动物[104]皮下脂肪组织中血管生成因子（VEGF）的表达上调[105]，从而增加脂肪组织的毛细血管生成，起到预防、对抗肥胖的作用；

对健康受试者测试发现，运动腿脂肪组织的血流量显著高于休息腿脂肪组织的血流量[106]；权威期刊《应用生理学》表明，在运动期间，运动腿脂肪组织血流量从每100g肌肉1毫升/每分钟，猛增到到最高每100g肌肉4.9毫升/分钟，提高了接近5倍；与此同时，休息腿脂肪组织血流量基本保持不变[107]；

更重要的是，主要的脂解激素，如肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素[108][109]，是通过血液运输到脂肪细胞[110]的；并且脂解激素也反过来增加脂肪组织的血流量，从而促进脂肪分解。例如，给大鼠注射去甲肾上腺素后，大鼠脂肪组织的血流量从2%增加到15.5%[111]。

与此相对的是，肥胖与脂肪组织血流下降、毛细血管稀疏之间存在密切关系：

肥胖者的脂肪组织中的毛细血管较为稀疏[112]，肥胖者空腹和餐后腹部脂肪组织的血流量较低[113][114][115][116]；在肥胖症中，皮下脂肪组织血流量下降、脂肪组织膨胀[117]；二型糖尿病患者的皮下脂肪血流量也较低[118]；肥胖的小鼠具有较稀疏的毛细血管密度和较低的血管内皮生长因（VEGF）[119][120]；肥胖者皮下组织中胎盘生长因子（PlGF）水平较高，抑制脂肪组织毛细血管生成[121][122][123][124][125]。

重点：较高的环境温度削减脂肪组织血流量，从而抑制脂肪分解

其实在正常而非炎热的环境下运动时，脂肪组织跟肌肉组织一样，血流量是明显增加的。例如，4小时自行车运动后，皮下脂肪和肾周围脂肪的血流量增加了400%和700%[126]；狗在长时间运动后皮下脂肪的血流量增加了2倍，相应导致脂解增加，游离脂肪酸和甘油水平增加[127]。

并且， 流向肌肉的血流量，跟流向脂肪组织的血流量之间具有一定程度的同步性，例如伸膝训练使股四头肌的温度增加了2 ℃[128]，也导致肌肉附近的脂肪组织的温度和血流量提高[128]。

在炎热环境下，脂肪组织的血流量减少，皮肤获得的血流量增加。在33℃的高温环境饲养时，仔猪流向脂肪组织的血流减少42%，流向外皮肤的血流增加44%[129]；而在寒冷环境中，1-5日龄的仔猪骨骼肌血流量提升最高达41%，皮肤血流量减少24%[130]。

因为皮肤是人和高等动物排汗和调节体温的重要器官，在高温下皮肤会与脂肪组织抢夺血流量。众所周知，皮肤上存在各类感受温度的传感器[131][132]，能通过多种路径[133][134][135]感受炎热的外部环境，将『气温太高』的信号传递到神经系统；然后在神经系统信号的调节下[136][137]，皮肤的毛细血管舒张[137]，血流量增加[138][139][140]来散热，从而调节我们身体的温度 [141]。

炎热导致皮肤血流量上升，脂肪组织血流量下降，它们彼此争夺、竞争血流量，从而削减了脂肪组织获得的脂解激素[41][42][43][44]的数量，导致脂肪氧化减少[7][13][14][15][16]，减脂效果下降。

结 论

减脂，应当选择凉爽的气温环境，夏天温度升高一定要开空调，这样减脂效率更高；闷热/炎热的环境除了不利于脂肪分解，也容易造成脱水、离子损失甚至是中暑，不管对舒适性、运动效果、减脂、安全性都存在负面影响。

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TFBOYS时代那么快要终结了么？

不说话，我先上图这是他们仨这是易烊千玺王俊凯王源

我管别人想怎么样借TFBOYS的名气来火，TFBOYS都不会散的，因为他们有很多很多的四叶草支持他们，这样一个优秀的组合是不会散的

美剧中有哪些性感而又幽默的女性角色？

盘点：美剧里值得我们怀念的1女神《我爱露西》在1951年10月走进美国的千家万户时，大家第一次看到了原来美剧里的女性角色可以这么可爱，嬉笑怒骂都是生活中的一部分。露西不仅被认为是美剧史上最搞笑的角色之一，更是女明星第一次成为电视剧里的主角。

虽然她也有自己的丈夫和朋友在剧里出现，但这部剧是露西的地盘，她说了算！从这之后，有很多以女性视角出发的美剧引起大家的共鸣。

1.《宋飞传》伊莱恩

作为《宋飞传》里唯一的女性主角，伊莱恩和男孩子一样爱吹毛求疵。因为角色定位是个不入流的小编剧，写的都是些很俗气的稿子，所以她为人还稍微有点疯疯癫癫的。但伊莱恩的扮演者朱莉娅·路易斯真的把她演活了，虽然是个“傻女神”，但光是这魔性的舞姿，她也赢了！

2.《吸血鬼猎人巴菲》巴菲·萨默斯

打个赌，好像很多人在没看这部剧，只听名字的情况下，会以为主角是个五大三粗的男人。错了，主角是个十几岁的少女。白天，巴菲是个高中生，和普通孩子一样，要在学校里碰见各种狗血事件。晚上，她手刃整个城市里的吸血鬼。

莎拉的演技真的很不错，高中生演的很到位，也完全体现了一个吸血鬼杀手该有的样子。虽然几年后，她的努力与挣扎看起来有点傻，但她确实证明年纪轻轻的女孩也可以在好莱坞找到立足之地，撑起一部大型美剧！

3.《我为喜剧狂（30 Rock）》利兹·雷蒙

利兹·雷蒙是所有女人的缩影，这也是为什么当《我为喜剧狂》完结的时候，我们会觉得心里有一部分死去了。她性格古怪，但她承认这点，并且不以此为耻。食物是女人最好的慰藉，所以她宁愿钟爱美食也不想和人相处。

是个书呆子也无所谓，她喜欢自己书呆子的样子。这样的女人，不是女神，是什么？

4.《我所谓的生活（我的青春期）》安吉拉

即便在校园期间是个受欢迎的女生，也能理解安吉拉，因为她的青春期是迷失的。安吉拉这个年龄段的所作所为，会从骨子里动摇一个人，希望自己可以换一种方式长大成人。现实世界总是让人很累，生活也会把你从恍惚的状态中拉出来！

90年代的时候，所有的美剧和电影都有一种“朝气感”，特别欢乐，而《我所谓的生活》这样稍微有点丧的美剧，只拍了一季就下了。但偏偏就是这部剧，反而更真实！

5.《风云女郎》墨菲·布朗

墨菲绝对是走在时代前面的女性，最重要的是这部剧不是什么傻白甜的感觉。剧中墨菲和友人们的对白都非常有深度，可以说是启发了很多女孩。她有自己的事业，也有自己的家庭，她还是个单身母亲。

虽然这部剧和墨菲当时都被很多人指责为“对传统家庭的价值观产生负面影响”，但作为一名女性，她绝对是值得称赞的。毕竟现实中确实有这样的人，她们也在努力生活！

6.《广告狂人》佩吉·奥尔森

佩吉虽然不是什么表面上特别妖艳的女人，但她确实是个女神。走进办公室的那一刻，她就注定会往上爬。从小秘书到拥有属于自己的办公室，这一路上她面对过无休止的性别歧视，以及和另一个男同事之间的混乱关系。

但佩吉咬牙走到顶端，因为在她心中，有些东西是自己赢得的，“不”这种拒绝字眼不能在她生命中出现！这样的女人从来不能轻视！

7.《拽妹黛薇儿》黛薇儿

黛薇儿可谓是将青少年的焦虑演到了绝对完美的地步。看完这部剧，真的就会觉得，和看起来有点丧，对任何事都不大关心的黛薇儿相比，一切都在“演”的其他人就显得假的很。

她算是典型的“我什么都无所谓”少女，亲姐妹是个很漂亮、很受欢迎的女孩，而父母和她一点也不亲密。黛薇儿的成长过程中只有那么一两个能理解她黑色幽默的好友。但看完《拽妹黛薇儿》之后，真的很想变成她那样讽刺别人不留嘴德的人！

8.《丑女贝蒂》贝蒂

在一家引领时尚的杂志社工作是不容易的。一个长得不好看还带着牙箍女人在这里工作，精神压力会逼得她要么辞职，要么努力进化的和别人一样。但贝蒂从未动摇过自己的信念，她依旧热诚、真挚、努力、友好。

面对时尚行业中的一些见不得人的东西，她坚信着自己的价值观，从不像其他人一样。虽然她确实不好看，但她却是最可爱的！

9.《考斯比一家》丹妮丝

虽然说现在已经没人看《考斯比一家》了，但丹妮丝真的是几个孩子中最棒的了！她有自己的生活，做一个独立的女孩，基本上是每个人孩子理想的大姐姐。而且演员莉莎·博内特还是海王杰森·莫玛的老婆！

10.《吉尔莫女孩》罗蕾莱·吉尔莫

罗蕾莱在很年轻的时候就怀孕了，但当时的她压根就没打算嘴个母亲，但是没办法，她接受了自己的新身份。在《吉尔莫女孩》播出之前，电视上从未出现过罗蕾莱和罗莉这样的母女关系。她们之间的关系像家人也像朋友，更多的是充满着各种流行元素，毕竟单身妈妈养女儿不容易。

但一切问题都会处理好，生活中的摩擦也总会变成理解。劳伦扮演的罗蕾莱更是会让人希望自己的妈妈也能这么酷！

2020年最新出的电影有哪些？

过去的春节档——

《唐探3》《姜子牙》《中国女排》《囧妈》你会选哪部去看？

今年是妥妥的女性英雄电影大年——

《花木兰》《黑寡妇》《神奇女侠2》和《猛禽小队》的哈利·奎恩，每个女神都不能错过啊！

这些人气电影的续作也要上映了——

《寂静之地2》《007之无暇赴死》《壮志凌云2》《釜山行2》《速度与激情9》《招魂3》，它们能否续写新的故事，还是为了票房炒冷饭？

今年的漫威电影规划，不止5月的《黑寡妇》，11月还有一部《永恒族》。除此之外，不停改档期，原本以为看不到了的最后一部X战警电影《新变种人》，也似乎有了确认上映的迹象，这部是漫威少有的惊悚画风，我非常期待！

最后是导演演员阵容强大的新片，只要提到他们的名字，不用管拍的啥，看就完事了。

1. 《信条》，2020年最期待电影第一名，理由克里斯托弗·诺兰，我的脑细胞已经坐不住了！

2. 《沙丘》，一个好莱坞顶尖科幻片导演丹尼斯·维伦纽瓦，《降临》《银翼杀手2049》都是他拍的，一部从70年代就开始被拍成电影却从未拍好的科幻小说，还有这样的演员阵容，我完全找不到理由拒绝这部电影。

3. 《曼克》，理由大卫芬奇导演+狗爹加里·奥德曼

4. 《法兰西特派》，最完美主义最浪漫的导演韦斯·安德森新作，《布达佩斯大饭店》《了不起的狐狸爸爸》《月升王国》和《犬之岛》，他的电影总有一部会让你印象深刻的！

5. 《西区故事》，理由史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格导演。

6. 《让他们说吧》，理由史蒂文·索德伯格导演+梅丽尔·斯特里普。

7. 《绅士们》，理由挑男人眼光一流的但是永远拍不出《大侦探福尔摩斯3》的盖·里奇导演。

8. 《灵魂》，理由皮克斯出品，预定下届奥斯卡最佳动画长片获奖。

9.《分身人》，理由瑞恩雷诺兹出演，科幻喜剧片，画风类似《头号玩家》，感觉是一部很好玩的电影。